St Aldate's has few shops but several local government buildings, including the town hall, the city police station and local council offices.
Cornmarket Street and Queen Street are home to Oxford's chain stores, as well as a small number of independent retailers, one of the longest established of which was Boswell's, founded in 1738. The city centre is relatively small, and is centred on Carfax, a crossroads which forms the junction of Cornmarket Street (pedestrianised), Queen Street (mainly pedestrianised), St Aldate's and the High Street ("the High" blocked for through traffic). The greatest known snow depth was 61.0 cm (24.0 in) in February 1888. The greatest one-day rainfall occurred on 10 July 1968, with a total of 87.9 mm (3.46 in). The sunniest month on record is May 2020, with 331.7 hours and December 1890 is the least sunny, with 5.0 hours.
The warmest year on record is 2014, with an average of 11.8 ☌ (53 ☏) and the coldest is 1879, with a mean temperature of 7.7 ☌ (46 ☏). The warmest month on record is July 1983, with an average of 21.1 ☌ (70 ☏) and the coldest is January 1963, with an average of −3.0 ☌ (27 ☏). The wettest month on record was September 1774, with a total fall of 223.9 mm (8.81 in). The driest year on record was 1788, with 336.7 mm (13.26 in) of rainfall. Irregular observations of rainfall, cloud and temperature exist from 1767. These records are continuous from January 1815.
OXFORD BIG READ SERIES
It boasts the longest series of temperature and rainfall records for one site in Britain. The average conditions below are from the Radcliffe Meteorological Station. The highest temperature ever recorded in Oxford is 38.1 ☌ (101 ☏) on 19 July 2022. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oxford was −17.8 ☌ (0.0 ☏) on 24 December 1860. Precipitation is uniformly distributed throughout the year and is provided mostly by weather systems that arrive from the Atlantic.
Oxford has a maritime temperate climate ( Köppen: Cfb). Wellington Square, the name of which has become synonymous with the university's central administration These rivers and their flood plains constrain the size of the city centre. The rivers Cherwell and Thames (also sometimes known as the Isis locally, supposedly from the Latinised name Thamesis) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. Oxford is 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Reading, 26 miles (42 km) north-east of Swindon, 36 miles (58 km) east of Cheltenham, 43 miles (69 km) east of Gloucester, 29 miles (47 km) south-west of Milton Keynes, 38 miles (61 km) south-east of Evesham, 43 miles (69 km) south of Rugby and 51 miles (82 km) west-north-west of London. These declined, along with other British heavy industry, in the 1970s and 1980s, leaving behind a city which had developed far beyond the university town of the past. The city began to grow industrially during the 19th century, and had an industrial boom in the early 20th century, with major printing and car-manufacturing industries. During the English Civil War, Oxford housed the court of Charles I and was when the city stood at the heart of national affairs. A heavily ecclesiastical town, Oxford was greatly affected by the changes of the English Reformation, emerging as the seat of a bishopric and a full-fledged city. The University rose to dominate the town. The city was besieged during The Anarchy in 1142. Originally of strategic significance due to its controlling location on the upper reaches of the River Thames at its junction with the River Cherwell, the town grew in national importance during the early Norman period, and in the late 12th century became home to the fledgling University of Oxford. The history of Oxford in England dates back to its original settlement in the Saxon period. 19th-century view of the High Street in Oxford.
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